Newborn screening is a public health program that involves testing newborn babies for certain genetic, metabolic, and hormonal disorders. These conditions, if left untreated, can cause serious health problems or even death. By identifying these conditions early, healthcare providers can start treatment as soon as possible, ensuring better outcomes for the baby. Newborn screening typically involves a blood test performed within the first few days of a baby's life. The specific disorders screened for can vary by region, but commonly include conditions such as phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis, and congenital hypothyroidism. Overall, newborn screening aims to detect and treat these disorders early, ultimately improving the health and well-being of newborns.